Sovereignty as Important Aspect to a Nation States Government Research Paper

reign as Important Aspect to a Nation States Government - Research Paper Examplesome(a) states such as the get together States of America argon more sovereign than others. According to Borensztein (200417), the U.S. has been at the fountainhead in declaring the significance of arsenal nuclear accumulation. The publicizing of nuclear proliferation by corporate media that is revolving around Iraq and the fractional of North Korea is a concern to the U.S. According to the U.S officials, this move by such countries that seem suspicious calls supranational intersection. Therefore, since the U.S is more sovereign than Korea, it deployed about thirty-seven thousand troops and stationed them in Korea. In addition, it deployed a wide number of military forces all over Iraq. When the U.S government orders other countries to cease nuclear proliferation, those countries must overturn down their defenses and disarm with immediate effect. However, Iraq did not respond to this call by the U.S forcing the U.S to attack the country. After the struggle kicked off, Iraq could abide with the United Nations Security Council Resolutions and call off the war, but insisted on keeping its nukes despite the reasonableness that only the U.S portrays its nuclear as a necessity to its national security. The legitimate purpose of establishing the United Nations was to operate peaceful negotiations between quarrelling nations and come to a mutual understanding without necessarily resulting in war. However, the case of the ground forces and Iraq was different since Iraq did not want to resolute to the UN council. It considered the application of Atoms for Peace program factoring itself out as sovereign with sovereignty guaranteed in the UN Charter that declares that a sovereign nation has a right to make itself in case of an external attack. The application of power to control and curb possible risks by the United States depicts its sovereignty (Wilkins & Stark, 201041). Therefore, following this example, it is true to say that some nations are more sovereign compared to others. Some states are more sovereign than others are because politicians and globalists strive to acquire power by use of substantial resolutions.

Construction of gender and sexual identities Essay

Construction of gender and sexual identities - Essay ExampleIt has aptly been observed that every culture of the world maintains some unique(predicate) characteristics and traits, which distinguishes it with the rest of the cultural groups and communities at large prevailing within the same natural and physical phenomena. This greenback is generally dependent of several sub-cultures existing under ane culture, which not only(prenominal) divide the individuals into factions and groups, besides also provide them with identification on the basis of their likes and dislikes, and priorities and aversions as well. Consequently, the sub-cultures of society work in an busy and effective way by not only uniting the like-minded people under star platform, but also helping them in respect of winning their rights and privileges particularly at the time when the absolute majority of the population appears to be standing at the opposite side, censuring and condemning the minority group i n one way or the some other. It is especially the case with the tribadistics, which have established their specific sub-culture, and have invented and introduced particular scathe and jargons in order to convey their messages to their community members on one hand, and conceal it from the members of outer groups on the other (Warren 1998). The present paper aims to concentrate upon the gender and sexual identities with reference to the homosexuals in order to get introduce with their sub-culture and mode of communication while living in the societies, an imperative majority of which still regard same-sex dealing as perversion and deviant behavior (Macionis 2007). Sexual identity and the terms related to it, according to Ponse (1978), are applied in quite a different way in gay and lesbian surround to the dominant mainstream social set up. In addition, there also exists a sub-culture within the gay environment, which could only be comprehended with by the members of homosexual c ommunity, as well as the individuals interested in the same. As a result, an imperative proportion of the majority population remains almost unaware of the terms to be applied in order to express some specific action, performance or identity in general. For instance, the term gay had frequently been applied in order to demonstrate the individuals carrying jolly and care-free disposition in past though, the same adjective has become entirely confined to defining homosexual males and females, and the previous role of the word focusing jovial people has ceased to exist in main culture and homosexual sub-culture as well (Sherwin 2006). However, some of the terms are exclusively applied to identify homosexuality. Unger & Crawford (1993) argue that the feminists have furnish various terms in order to make division between sex and gender, determining the biologic characteristics, and social traits and qualities of the homosexuals respectively. For instance, the notion lesbian explains a female engaged in a homosexual relationship, though in past it was donated to the individuals belonging to the Greek island Lesbos (248). Similarly, the notion active simply describes a vigorous and energetic person, though in homosexual acts, the same defines the person playing dominant part in homosexual relationships by penetrating into the recipient or passive partner the terms dominant and top also define the penetrating partner, while submissive and bottom signify the receiver respectively. Hence, Ponse (246-47) appears to be justified in her claim that the terms used by the majority of the population are applied interchangeably in gay culture, and hence display the meanings that are quite different to the actual application of the same in their nature and scope. On the contrary, the essentialists strictly confine sexual behavior on the basis of the biological characteristics of males and females. As a result, males and females should always play dominant and submissive role s as per the demand of their sex organs and biological traits.

Organization Leadership Experience, Communication and the Power of Essay

Organization Leadership Experience, Communication and the Power of Questions - Essay ExampleIn my organizations baby buggying process, bully communication is demonstrated through effective use of technological aids, and conduction of surveys regularly to get the reviews and insights from the take aim as well as the coachees. These surveys reveal information about the level of satisfaction of both the coach and the coachee with the coaching process, and their proposed measures for making the communication more effective. What the coachees do want is ongoing communication with their executives concerning the big visit -- how their work is making a difference and suggestions on how they can improve (Goldsmith, 2009).In my high sh all toldow, I had experience of coaching as I had to prepare myself for a Football match between my school and some other schools team. I was assigned a coach who was very good at communication. By telling us hand symbols and their meanings, he provided u s with a way to communicate with individually other over retentive distances and in loud and noisy grounds. Our coach remained curious as to whether we were all able to understand him from a distance Curiosity on the part of coaches empowers teachers to find their own answers, to be more resourceful, and to discover new possibilities for moving forward (Tschannen-Moran and Tschannen-Moran, 2010). At the end of each session, the coach would demand us what we understood when he made a certain symbol, and our responses reassured him that we had received his messages correctly. Contrary to this, another coach with whom I worked in the sports complex employed the use of mobile phones for communication over long distances, which was impracticable since we either ran out of signals or something else would happen to disrupt the communication or the quality of back such as accidentally dropping the mobile phone while running. Rather than asking us whether we found communication over mobi les effective or not in

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 20

Management - Essay ExampleCurrently, people at Mr. Xs hotel owing to his highly profitable management style share mutual goals, which is a gentle of trend that results in delivering real value to customers. Following discussion will demonstrate key features of my discourse with Mr. X and also explain how his see to it added to my knowledge of management.M any factors internal and external to an organization rout out influence the role played by mangers in carrying out their job. Success of a company depends a lot on if a theatre director is a good planner and has a considerable experience in planning functions or not. Sometimes managers do not find it easy to fully move over themselves to their plans which ignore adversely affect both short and long-term goals of a company. Apart from managers inherent capabilities, it butt be factors external to an organization like the state of an economy or a fiercely militant business environment which can affect the role played by manage rs. Bad economy can prevent a manager from good planning.The essence of Mr. Xs narrative was that a manager should essentially view him/herself as a conscientious leader. This is because an ethically and socially responsible leader endlessly remains keen on participating with his/her employees. This participative style is the key to sustain success in any organization. Mr. X also described different management styles to me. Some organizations are run like tribes where managers to begin with focus on paternalistic authoritarian management. Such managers develop aggressive-defensive cultures which thrive on the use of despotic prods. These coercive means are used by employers to force employees to complete tasks (Cheng 2006, p. 59). This negatively impacts the rate of employee motif in an organization. Participative style on the other hand advocates the idea that every member of an organization

Quantitative and Qualitative Research Assignment

Quantitative and Qualitative Research - Assignment ExampleIt examines the experience of individuals delivering and receiving nursing cargon. The methods used to backpack out qualitative research are case studies, interviews, ethnography and focus groups. On the other hand, numeric study mainly focuses on measurable client outcomes and mainly uses statistics.However, preconceived opinion is encountered when carrying out nursing research. When conducting a quantitative research, there are two main types of stroke that may be encountered random and authoritative bias. Random bias takes place when a researcher assumes particular data. This happens wherebys the assumption made is not a precise representation of what is in the research. An example of a random bias is food diaries. Food diaries are inaccurate because people tend to over represent or under represent food consumption. However, this bias can be avoided by taking photographs of every study (Campbell & Campbell, 2006). On t he other hand, systematic bias is a bit different. According to a study conducted by Dr. Colin Campbell, he utter that there were defects in the consumption of animal protein. However, Minger (2011) carried out a research on the same topic as Campbell and stated that the consumption of proteins and other foods was positively correlated. Systematic bias can be prevented by multiple null-hypothesis, re- purpose and utilization based on ongoing collection of data. All data should also be represented disregarding of the nature.There are various types of bias, which are associated with qualitative research. This bias can be experienced during the pre-trial, the clinical trial and after a trial. Examples of bias encountered during pre-trial stage may be as a subject of study design, selection and channeling. There are other subtypes of bias which occur during the clinical trial. They include interviewer bias, impart bias, recall bias and chronology bias. Bias after a trial may involve confounding and character reference bias.When conducting a nursing research, bias

Mad Hot Ballroom by Marilyn Argrelo Movie Review

Mad zealous Ballroom by Marilyn Argrelo - Movie Review ExampleFrom the beginning of the film, establishes the basic idea that anyone can come across anything if he/she has the zest and is ready to work towards it. It on the loose(p)s on Public School-115 of Washington Heights, Manhattan, when during her interview, the school Principal informs that 97% of the schools Hispanic population lives below the poverty line. However, she also asserts, that these students be not apologetic about their conditions. They are dreamers and they like to chase their passions, live their life. The ballroom dance teaching helps these students foster the very spirit. It helps them unfold their ingest personalities and make life more fulfilling.Yomaria Reynosa, the dance teacher of Washington Heights, PS 115 acclaims, You dont know whats private inside each child until you open it up. She recalls her young day snips when the opportunities werent as many. Today, students are getting a chance to unl eash and enhance their talents. With time, there are avenues opening up for them (kids) to go into something that has to do with arts. This holds true for each one of us. Future generations are always better equipped, more open and liberal than those who precede them. In our school days, kids never had technology au fait they were never so informed about life. I remember, when in school we were first introduced to computers. There were about thirty students in a class, sharing five computers. Today, times have changed. Students have both, avenues and opportunities. As the movie progresses, it brings to light, the myriad facets of American life. The kids partake in their secrets, talk about various issues that concern them, discuss their perceptions about things. The dance competition event serves the completed milieu for these young men and women to explore themselves, their dreams, their sensuality their association with the opposite sex and to learn to coexist with harmony in a multi-cultural environment. I think it is quite relevant to any modern day society. Initially, in the movie, we see kids showing some reservation in getting together. They remain with their respective guys and girls groups and fleet out strange expressions when asked to pair up or hold hands. These kids are basically unwilling participants. With time and the consistent efforts of their dedicated teachers, the kids inhibitions fade extraneous, their attitudes towards their partner softens. They start accepting each other, enjoy dancing with harmony. In my teens, I had similar experiences. I would generally be a shy person and keep away from most guys.

Electrical Aplication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Electrical Aplication - Essay ExampleIn a typical VCM plant these ar initially reacted together to form an important process intermediate, ethylene dichloride (EDC).2.) an EDC cracking unit, in which EDC is thermally decomposed into VCM and hydrogen chloride. The hydrogen chloride is recycled as feedstock to a except face, the oxychlorination unit, while unconverted EDC is separated and recycled. The VCM is purified for use in PVC production.3.) an oxychlorination unit, in which recycled hydrogen chloride is reacted with further ethylene feedstock in the presence of copper chloride catalyst and oxygen. This produces further quantities of EDC, while excess hydrogen is oxidised to form water.VCM is polymerised in large scale batch reactors in the presence of water, initiators (catalysts) and other additives. The suspended droplets of liquid monomer are progressively converted to solid or porous PVC particles, depending on grade. Unreacted VCM is stripped from the polymer, and water is separated by centrifuging. The polymer is then dried, typically in fluidised cheat drying equipment.Suspension PVC is used for virtually all extrusion, injection moulding and film making processes. somebody grades are characterised by their melt flow properties and their suitability for rigid (unplasticised) or flexible (plasticised) applications.The polymerisation stage involves an emulsion of very fine droplets of VCM in water, and the process forms a stable emulsion, or latex, of polymer in water. later the removal of unreacted monomer, the water is removed by evaporation in spray drying equipment.PVC compounds are inclined(p) by blending PVC resin with additives to give the required properties in the fabricated finished product. The additives, which admit plasticisers, stabilisers, lubricants, fillers, impact modifiers and pigments, will make the PVC either flexible or rigid.In the calendering process, the PVC sort is initially melted in the gap between two

Tuition Reimbursement Implementation Report Term Paper

Tuition Reimbursement Implementation Report - Term Paper Exampletivation to the employees who are compensated for having credit line communication degrees, the company will get to benefit massively from a good reputation, effective publicizing and marketing as well as in other ways.Business communication is important for each kind of argumentation. Businesses always need to relay information amongst their stakeholders, promote products, and in dealing with legal issues. The calling also needs to relay information between its supply chain. The information that is being passed between the business stakeholders needs to be accurate and effective if the organization must continue to be in existence. This is the center of business communication.Businesses communicate using various methods in communicating their issues to various parties. Some of the most public means that they use include video conferencing, websites, emails, telephones, forum boards, reports, face-to-face meetings and presentations (ONeil & Gaye, 2006). Business communication is applied in a whole range of business activities including customer relations, public relations, community engagement, consumer behavior, and advertising. Other activities that fall deep down the gambit of business communication include employee engagement, research and measurement, event management just to mention a few according to ONeil and Gaye (2006).Considering the skills that they gain from the training that hey receive in college, Business Communication graduates commonly have a lot to offer when they get employed by companies. Every forward persuasion organization should seek to properly reward and motivate productive employees (Martocchio, nd). This report seeks to highlight the main reasons for the marriage proposal that employees with business communication degrees should be better compensated in terms of tuition reimbursement benefits owing to the nature of their training and potential benefits to the company.Graduates with Business Communication degrees have a lot to gain in the

Pharmacology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pharmacology - Case Study congressmanA study by Peng et al. (2004) on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Imatinib in a Phase I Trial with inveterate Myeloid Leukemia Patients, found confirmed the findings of Reckmann et al. (2002) that the drug is absorbed immediately it is administered orally. Further, when they compared imatinib with AUC0-24 hours at steady-state and on day 1, in that respect was a 1.5- to 3-fold drug accumulation afterwards the dose is repeated once a day. Killock (2014) has found that after administration of 350 mg of imatinib at a normal state, the mean plasma trough parsimoniousness records at 570 ng/mL and above (about 1 _mol/L). This plasma concentration is more than the 50% inhibitory concentration that successfully inhibits proliferation of BCR-Ablpositive leukemic cells gotten from CML patients (Mitzuta et al. 2013). With imatinib, the relationship between the white blood cells reduction and PK parameters at normal good deal indicate that the in itial imatinibs hematologic response depends highly on the dose administered to the CML patient and in this case, a dose higher than 400mg is needed in order to have an optimum effect on white blood cells reduction (Al Ali et al. 2002). From the above information, it is clear that the action of imatinib is therefore different and advanced as compared to the older therapies whose pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are different and present chances of many side effects that in most cases fleet to discontinuation of medication therapy.

The importance of banqueting and what type of events there are and how Essay - 1

The importance of banqueting and what type of events there are and how banqueting fits in - Essay ExampleMevery guests introduce each other during a banquet and thus peerless can consider banqueting as a social event. Here you meet new race and make friends. Even the marketers, now days, use banqueting to promote and advertise their products. Many marketers even stimulate lucky draws and other brand activities during a banquet and all of this signifies the great importance that banqueting holds for population of our generation.A especial(a) event is a one-time event and does not recur on a go on basis. This makes it unique and it basically held for the purpose of ground breaking, grand opening or other significant moments in life. Concerts and job fairs are also considered as special programme because they cannot be repeated or reproduced.Since, special events are one-time events, special management techniques are required to make these events a success. Many people suffer from improper management of these events which kills the purpose of these events. Therefore, planning these events is the key. You need to make sure that you have the resources and manpower to localise and successfully host the event. A good starting point in the event management is create a check list of the resources that you need. A written checklist is important because it can be referred to in the approaching and important details are not forgotten. Once the event is successfully stage, you need to take some(a) time after the event to evaluate the significance of the event, that is how well it was hosted and stage. For this, a written document is remedy because you can write down the details while still fresh, reducing the chances that you forget your mistake and they dexterity reoccur again. These steps make events unique and fulfill the purpose of holding special events.Banqueting fits in any event as a closing gesture, and signifies the end of an event. The food that is to be

Petroleum economcs and project management Assignment

Petroleum economcs and project management - Assignment ExampleOPECs starting time toll band machine was developed at its 109th face-off of its Conference in March 2000. This mechanism directs that the expense of a barrel will range between $22-$28 in order to parallelism the needs of both the consumers and producers. This method has ensured that OPECs role in stabilizing the grocery is successful because since its inception, the bonny price of a barrel has been $25.30 per barrel. However, this price band mechanism states that 500,000 barrels per dollar should be added to the grocery in instances where prices rise above $28 per barrel. This is to ensure that cartels in the industry do not hold up advantage of high prices and create a shortage hence destabilizing the market. (Alvaro, 2003)As part of its role in ensuring stability in the inunct market, OPEC is supposed to deal with shortages that arise from political instability in oil producing areas that may lead to sprawl ing up of prices. For instance the 2000 September 11 incidence in the ground forces fol showtimeed by fight in Iraq lead to war premium a speculation of oil shortage due to effects of war. Therefore as part of its role in ensuring stability, OPEC convened a consultative meeting to discuss on the ways of countering the looming shortage. This conference was aimed at finding ways in which OPEC could provide assurances to the market that its member countries have the capacity to overcome any shortfall that may occur due to war in Iraq. During the conference, it was agreed that member countries raise their outputs to maximum to meet the market needs and at the aforesaid(prenominal) time reduce actual production so as to ensure the threat of over-supply during the season of low demand. (Edmund, 2006)Also, OPEC must demonstrate its commitment to ensuring that the prices do not rise and fall unstably. For instance, in the wake of the price weakness that followed the tragic bomb in Septem ber 11 and the war in Iraq, OPEC used the price band strategy in

Social responsibility of business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social office of business - Essay ExampleGiven the traits of a sentient being, while dismissive of any clean or ethical office, the state of the corporation is placed in a space between responsibilities. The responsibility of the corporation to its owners relieving it of any responsibility to society, the shareholders are relieved of blame because they are largely unaware of the daytime to day decision making, while the CEO is relieved of blame because he is making decisions that support the interests of the owners. As Friedman makes his argument, he is discussing the concept of corporation in the framework of the shareholder model of corporate governance, which is the more public form of governance in the United States. UK corporations also uses this model as the foundation of its principles of governance, still Japan, Germany, and about of the other European states use the stakeholder model of corporate governance (Barker 2010 33-35). Friedman states that In a free enterpris e, backstage property system, a corporate executive is an employee of the owners of the business... (His) responsibility is to conduct the business in accordance with their desires. ... consort to what Friedman (1970) is presenting, his belief supports the idea that businesses should rise and fail according to the ability to scramble to the top or motor lost in the battle towards that end. The current issues that dairy farmers are faced with are an example of wherefore this belief system is not conducive to sustainability. Food growth and nurturing is one of the more important industries for on the whole human societies. Dairy farmers have had an increasingly difficult time in the UK and have been disappearing as a consequence. Evidence of the difficulties of dairy farms is that there were 300 dairy farms on the Isle of Wight during the 1960s, but only if 15 remain (Findon 2010). Supermarkets are unwilling to pay a decent price to the farms and in the end they are forced to cl ose their doors. Although those that are still left have been hoping that the price of dairy would rebound, it has stayed at a steady low, creating a business high-power through which the costs of keeping their doors blossom forth is more than the benefit of maintaining their business (Findon 2010). In the case of the dairy farms, the stakeholder model of corporate governance mustiness be put into place in order to create sustainability. Dairy products are necessary in the public domain, but high prices on dairy products do not do anything good for anyone. At the same time, dairy farms need to be able to sustain their position or they are only spinning their wheels and falling towards the inevitability of failure, which might cause a natural correction in prices out-of-pocket to scarcity of the product, but is not in the best interests of anyone. Darwinian thinking about businesses creates a dynamic

In-service teacher training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

In-service teacher training - Essay ExampleSuch an analysis, found on four key texts, will re-assess the concept of information literacy in Angola, a developing African country. 1. knowledgeability Discussions over information literacy in the 21st century are very different from those in the 1980s. The discipline released on January 10, 1989 by the Presidential Committee on Information Literacy raised some important inconveniences, videlicet the Importance of Information Literacy to Individuals, Business, and Citizenship and Opportunities to Develop Information Literacy 3. In the same report, some characteristics of a crude grammatical case of school were described an Information Age School 3. The recommendations from this document mirrored the optimism of such a committee, regarding the cardinal and revolutionary role of information literacy and the challenges this new reality presented to scholars, practitioners, and leaders. The question raised is how scholars, practitione rs and leaders perceive the issue of information literacy in developed countries whether in a national or a world(prenominal) framework. 2. powers Perspective Diane Zabel highlights the constraints of an attempt to integrate information literacy as a mandated credit instruction 4, based on the difficult current financial situation of many American students. In the article reaction to Information Literacy and Higher Education 4, this author is skeptical about the decision of integrating information literacy into the curriculum, oddly involving librarians It is naive to believe that it is easy to add a required course to the curriculum (). The approval of new courses, majors, minors, and changes in the number of credits required for graduation is a rigorous process. Curricular changes must be justified, requiring the completion of a detailed proposal explaining how a change meets educational objectives and strengthens existing programs 4. On the opposite hand, Lauer and Yodanis, in the article The international Social Survey Programme (ISSP) A Tool for Teaching with an International Perspective 2, explain the advantages scholars have in adopting a less Westernized perspective and developing a globular view of the teaching and learning process. Although the three documents share the recognition that information literacy has brought changes to the process of teaching and learning, these authors do not have a consensual stance on the range of application of this new musical instrument and how this reality can be optimized. Zabel raises several constraints in the inclusion of information literacy in the curriculum, whereas Lauer and Yodanis suggest the enhancing of global literacy through teaching 2. In the 2009 message to students, the dean of the School of Advanced Studies at the University of Phoenix explained the nub of the scholar - practitioner - leader model. Jeremy Moreland stated Viewed operationally, the model represents a paradigm for incorporat ing lifelong learning (scholarship), hearty and workplace contribution (practice), and the ability to exert positive influence (leadership) in our learners academic, professional and personal lives. This center that important theory and research may support professionals in the effective implementation of their work. Consequently, more virtual(a) and efficient ways of organizing, monitoring and evaluating public and private

Metaphors on Teens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Metaphors on Teens - Essay precedentCommunicating with your teenager on a regular basis Communication is blinding family with whop, c atomic number 18, support, and bringing a parent-teen relationship to harmonious respect. Teens are spending less time talking with their parents and more(prenominal) time with companions, deteriorating and disconnecting their relationship. In this scenario, communication is needed to prevent relationship from being torn. Just as food and air are necessary for human survival, so is communication necessary for the development and sustainment of a relationship. Thus, communication is equal a bridge that connects two separate ways into one. Communication is a tool for showing love and interest, resolving conflicts and issues and a means of building close relationships. As supported by Norbeck and Fitzpatrick (125), in a parent and adolescent relationship communication is a commonplace means of understanding. Meanwhile, teens of today are more exposed to negative influences through factors such as technology and peer pressure --destructing powers that increase as time ages. Therefore, teens essential be parented properly and should be treated and comforted like a pillow. How to parent your teens with love and ruth Children are highly precious people to their parents lives. ... Am I a controlling parent? Do I listen to my child? parents often wonder. Parents, especially those who are autocratic, essential their teens to follow every command and rule they impose. However, just as if too much weight is position on a bridge it will break, so will parents acting too strictly end point in cracks in the relationship. Indeed, if parents are too strict in not considering teens feelings, desires and opinions, conflict may arise. Parents must show love and compassion to their teens despite disobedience. Teens want to be loved and cared by parents, and see their parents as their protective shield when it rains. There are many ways pare nts can show love and compassion to their teens. According to Taylor (2005), parents must teach love and compassion so that teens understand its essence. Second, parents must plan activities that implant compassion and increase love, such as family outings, family prayer and scripture study, and watching movies together etc. Meanwhile, teens baron get mistaken, so it is a perfect time for parents to show love and compassion through comforting, program line teens how to make decisions, and encouraging them to rise after having stumbled down. How to parent the stubborn and argumentative teenager through peer pressure At their age, teens are like the ball that keeps on rolling. Peer pressure greatly influences teens fashion as they might apply what they have learned from peers. Some teens are stubborn and very augmentative. Parents of this attractive have hard times negotiating with them. According to Thompson (2006) some teens often love to argue and persist in their ideas. They want to be always right, and do the things they want. Parents want the outgo for them, so generally what they consider is the best and

An issue considered in the presentations or books Essay

An issue considered in the presentations or books - examine ExampleThis paper explores the concept of tot of apprehend, its dynamics, and key factors.M whatsoever economic theories describe supply of tire in unique ways owing to the dynamic nature of the concept. Perhaps it is imperative to note from the fire that the total hours and realistic salary rate are the fundamental components of supply of labor in any given economic system. The supply of labor curve, which is the graphical representation of supply of labor, depicts the theoretical earnings pass judgment versus labor. The vertical axis of the supply of labor curve represents the theoretical wage rate while the level axis represents the amount of labor that workers are willing to toil for at any given wage rate (Chagny, Dopke, Plane, and Schmidt 61).The dynamics of the supply of labor depend on the compromise between leisure time time and labor. This tradeoff implies that workers earn more(prenominal) incomes by w orking for more hours and vice versa. However, such workers must tenderloin down on the number of hours they spend on leisure in order for them to earn make use of by dedicating more time for labor. Although this notion necessitates a delicate balance, it confirms the fundamental trade-off between labor and leisure. It means that a rise in the rate of real wage increases the opportunity cost for leisure. This vogue leads to the substitution effect in the sense that the workers will develop a tendency to supply more labor (Soest, Das, and Gong 15).As workers dedicate more hours for labor, their earnings as well as their real wage rate goes up. Subsequently, the demand for normal good leisure increases as the workers incomes rises. It means that workers will supply less labor in order to spend more hours on their normal good leisure activities. They will develop the tendency of spending because of their higher income and they will dedicate more time (hours) on leisure activities. T his tendency is called

Effect of video games on Kids Essay Example for Free

Effect of motion picture games on Kids EssayGrowing up, playing out(p)side was what I did for fun. Whether it was riding my bike, playing with friends, or swimming, I was outside for hours at a condemnation every day. Today, kids subscribe to access to things like Xboxes, Playstations, and Nintendo DS. In a study conducted by Gentile, Lynch, Linder Walsh (2004) adolescent girls played pic games for an modal(a) of 5 hours a week, whereas boys averaged 13 hours a week. A survey done by Harris Interactive shows that 23 percent of youth have felt addicted to painting games. Studies have shown that teenagers who play violent film games for extended periods of clip tend to be more aggressive, argon more prone to engage in fights and confrontations, and see a decline in academic success. (Gentile et al) In 2010, Robert Weis and Brittany Cerankosky conducted a study to see how video games affect academic success. They selected a group of boys who didnt own video games and ass igned them to one of both conditions the video games now group got a game system immediately, and the video games later group didnt receive their systems until months later.The researchers tracked the boys academic success at school. They found that the boys who got their game systems immediately worn-out(a) slight time on schoolwork and, 4 months later, they got lower reading and writing scores. This makes sense, since more time spent playing video games means less time studying. Also, the distraction of video games groundwork cause kids to retreat interest in their studies and cause them to fall behind.These results line up with another survey done by Cummings and Vandewater in 2007, which concluded that kids aged 10-19 who played video games spent 30% less time reading and 34% less time doing homework. (Cummings Vandewater) A 2009 Brigham Young University study found that as video game usage increased, the quality of relationships with others, including family, friends, and other peers, decreased. The BYU Study found that daily video game users were in two ways as likely to use drugs. They were three times as likely to use drugs over those who never played games.This doesnt mean that all kids who play video games are going to go out and do drugs, but it certainly doesnt help anything. If a child spends hours at a time playing video games, they will have no time to form relationships and sociableize, not giving them the social skills they may need to succeed in the future. This can set them up for failure in patronage interviews, school, and in building solid relationships that are crucial to every teenagers life. However, there are also many positive elements of video games.According to Chacha Tumbokon, a psychologist at De La Salle University, video games can give kids betters skills in areas such as following directions, problem solving and logic, and hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills. a good deal times the player is asked to follow com mands or prompts in a video game in recite to gain rewards or status, which aids with following directions. Also, when there is a challenge in a game, it doesnt get solved easily the player is often forced to work through many riddles or obstacles in order to succeedanother important life lesson for a child to learn.And lastly, video games hire a great deal of hand-eye coordination. Often times games require the player to change viewpoints with one control, work with another control, and do actions (shooting, jumping, etc. ) with another control. This builds up hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills, which is a good drill for the brain. Another common aspect of games is resource management. There are often a limited sum of resources (such as lives, power-ups, money, etc. ) that has to be managed in order to succeed in a game. This is another worth(predicate) lesson that many kids should learn in their lifetime.James Paul Gee, professor of education at the University of Wi sconsin-Madison, says that playing a video game is similar to working through a science problem. There is a rush of trial and error involved, which teaches a child inductive reasoning and hypothesis testing, something that can be use in many areas of life. In conclusion, there are many positive and negative effects of video games. Psychologists suggest that parents monitor the games that are being played by their children and make sure the games arent touch the childs behavior.

Poverty in the United States Essay Example for Free

penury in the United States EssayPoverty is a serious issue not only in third public countries but also here(predicate) in the United States. Discussing the nature of poverty in the United States is important beca phthisis through understanding we bequeath find solutions. Gaining insights into the issue of poverty jakes be used to understand the complexity of the subject. Poverty has been delimit as a state of deprivation of goods and services that essential to the maintenance of an adequate standard of lively(a) in a given company. Although the concept of poverty is considered relative, it cannot be denied that it magnifies the line concerning inequality in a particular society (Levitan). The struggle of poverty imp guesss peoples day-to-day life. It is easy to hide more or less things in life but, poverty is not star of them. there atomic number 18 633,782 homeless people in cities throughout the United States (St. Francis). Poor people have no place to live and ar existence exposed to natures elements, bacteria, and harmful illness can cause threat to the health of these individuals. The purlieu is being impacted as well, because there is nowhere to put waste or garbage new(prenominal) than on the ground.This is why it is important to gain insight and understand poverty so that we can suffice these people and the earth. When a person is keep in poverty it is humiliating and weighs on an individuals self-esteem as well as their families and is really difficult to overcome. Poverty is not always a choice, but it is a situation that can be prevented. If people everywhere take something from every book, member or essays that has been written and are willing to recognize and do something about it therefore it is a problem that can be fixed. There is not a accurate plan or a perfect solution to the poverty problem but, the aim is to decrease the number of individuals and families living in poverty drastically. There are many families l iving in poverty and there are an equal amount of thoughts and opinions on why people live in poverty such as drug and alcohol use, domesticated violence and foreclosure solely to name a few. Individuals have a difficult while taking electric charge of themselves can you imagine having to try to provide for a family on next to nothing every day. Without a street address these families do not qualify to get welfare assistance such as food stamps, Medicaid, or housing assistance.Without housing assistance people are forced to stay in shelters and if they dont make to a shelter by a certaintime they go without a warm place to sleep and without food that night. Some people wait in large lines all day for a spot at the shelter only to be turned away(predicate) because there is just not enough space for everyone. A good way to alleviate or even eliminate this problem is to build more shelters or use some of the abandoned buildings in poverty stricken neighborhoods for the misfortun ate people to sleep in. Have stipulations in these shelters that individuals and their families are guaranteed more than one night as long as they abide by guidelines provided, kind of like a contract. So they are not just getting dish they are in a sense back up their selves. Different situations have different solutions, there is a difference between a person living in poverty because youre a war veteran and just having a hard time and living in poverty because you are and addict and everything you have is spent on drugs and alcohol. In these freshly built or refurbished shelters with these stipulations, programs can be offered to help transition into a better way of living. Yes, then there is the issue of money and where will it come from.Nobody has money lying around just to give away so charity events, fundraisers, donations, volunteers and maybe even some help from giving medication agencies would help. The children of these families living in poverty suffer most. Research shows that poverty in the first five years of a childs life changes the life of a child compared to if they were to live in poverty later in life. This is because poverty is associated with poor nutrition poor nutrition leads to subvert intelligence, bad physical development, and poor immune systems. Children deprived of proper nutrition during the most informative years score much lower on tests of vocabulary, reading comprehension, arithmetic, and general knowledge. The more severe the poverty a child faces, the lower his or her nutritional level is likely to be (BrownPollitt). Many children that are labeled bad kids with behavioral problems are really just lacking nutritional value. A child that is hungry is more likely to act out and have greater difficulty focusing than a well fed child.There are government programs that offer assistance with nutrition such as W.I.C and Healthy Schools but the guidelines are very strict and fall short in making sure that every child living i n poverty has adequate nutrition. So, this problem can be solved by changing the guidelines and making it easier for a family living in poverty to feed our future. People might say this is not my problem, Im not living in povertyso what does this have to do with me? Truth be told everyone is affect by poverty. As Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said, There is nothing more dangerous than to build a society, with a large segment of people in that society, who feel they have no stake in it who feel they have nothing to lose. People, who have stake in their society, protect that society, but when they dont have it, they unconsciously want to destroy it (Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.).According to the history of our nation, the safety and equality of the people of our society relies on everyone individually and as a whole nation as one. If thats the way the world is meant to be then why are people living in poverty treated so differently? Upper class doesnt make you better than a person living in p overty, money doesnt make you bad or good and the same goes for poverty. The founders of our nation fought hard for a country where everyone is treated as a person equally but, that is not the case when thousands of people tranquillise live in poverty every day. Anybody that has ever spent a morning at the segment of Motor Vehicles or stood in the line at the Post Office should understand that simply because the government is handling the problem, doesnt mean its being handled properly (St. Francis).The next time you see somebody a little down and out stop to give them a minute and see if you can help them in any way, remember that poverty does not make them any less a human than you. I believe the proposed solutions will work because if its believable than its achievable and our system has proven in other situations to be reliable so let use it for the good of the people of our country that could use a hand up not a hand out. For people to be sick on the street, forced to sleep o n cardboard or dirt, and have to beg other people to help them is not humane or the American way and should not be tolerated any longer.Works CitedBrownPollitt. Malnutrition, Poverty and Intellectual Development. Pollitt, L. Brown E. n.d. Dr.MartinLutherKingJr. Letter From Birmingham Jail. April 1963. Levitan, Sar A. Poverty In the Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. 1990 pages 478-480 Vol. 15. St. Francis, Nancy. Homelessness in America 2013. 2013.

The Impact of Counsellor Training on Students Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Counsellor Training on Students EssayThe British association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) define counselling, a long with psychotherapy, as being umbrella terms that cover a range of talking therapies (BACP, 2012 1). In addition, counselling is stomachd by practitioners who educate with people over a mindless or long term to assistance them bring about effective change or raise their wellbeing (BACP, 2012 1). Those who practice counselling in a professional manner undergo intensive instruction and someoneal victimisation, the latter of which has been defined in terms of self-awareness and change (Wheeler, 1996 75). These changes, according to Johns, influence the whole person (Johns, 1997). This seek proposal highlights how scholarly person counsellings fundamental relationships freighter be impacted by this intensive learning regime. After discussing the literature on this radical, the aims, objectives and rationale for this research get out be provided.1. Research Aims and Objectives The aim of this broken scale qualitative research is to explore the impact of the individualised nurture element of counsellor educational activity and how this affects the student counsellors significant relationships. The focus will be on, though non solely, student counsellors relationships with partners. However, reference will be made to other types of relationships. This aim will be achieved via semi-structured interviews examining the particularized concepts of personal development, self-awareness, changes in personal relationships, as well as a full comprehensive exploration of student responsibilities in significant relationships. The data will be analysed utilise interpretative phenomenological compendium (IPA) (Smith, 2003), which will provide the lived experiences of participants.2. Rationale The rationale for conducting this research is that personal development and self-awareness are key elements of counsell or dressing programmes designed to promote the trainees personal and professional development. Counsellor upbringing has had both a optimistic and shun impact on m all trainees significant and close relationships and this may be due to the amount of condemnation spent by trainees engaging in self-awareness and personal development sessions. This dissect is designed to explore this go away in more detail using the lived experiences of counselling trainees.3. Research Questions The following research questions are to be explored via semi-structured one-to-one interviews * crap students noticed a change in their own personal development whilst training as a counselor? * Have students noticed any impact, positive or negative, of personal development and self-awareness training on their significant close relationships? * Is the student counsellor aware of any significant changes to these relationships and has help been available from the university? * Is the student counsellor a ware of any help available for students families? * Is the student aware of the extent of their responsibilities to significant relationships?4. Literature Review Using several different electronic databases, research has been conducted to find journal publications that are relevant to the aims and objectives of the proposed research.4.1 Search Strategy A search of the literature was undertaken using Boolean logic, which allowed for a more sensitive search of the title and abstracts of the following databases PsychInfo, Embase, Medline, and The Cochrane Library of systematic reviews. at that place were a number of keywords and phrases utilised to identify literature pertinent to this proposal, including counsellor training OR counselling training student counsellors OR trainee counsellors AND impact of training on significant relationships OR personal development OR personal relationships OR significant relationships. The words counselling and counsellor were also searched with one L in order to address differences in English and American spellings.4.2 Results of Literature Review on that point is a considerable amount of information related to counsellor training and its impact on society (Scholl and Cascone 2010). There is, however, a paucity of research examining the impact of counselor training on student counsellors significant relationships (Macran and Shapiro, 1998). In 2012, the paucity of research in this area is as surprising as reported by Flynn-Piercy (2002) 10-years previously. It has long been established that personal development is a core aspect of counselor training (Wheeler, 2000), and yet the topic remains relatively under-researched, especially in terms of the impact this personal development has on trainees significant relationships.The changes that occur to student counsellors as a result of personal development can be likened to the very(prenominal) changes that occur in talk over clients. Indeed, Flynn-Piercy (2002) state that it is very similar to the therapeutic process, which is supported by observations from trainers (Mearns, 1997) and feedback from students (Harding Davies et al., 2004). such changes are likely to impact significant relationships, as is also the case with clients who receive counselling (Fear, 2004). This was initiatory highlighted by Mearns (1997), with there being a specific emphasis on the problems that might arise mingled with student counsellors and their partners as a result of their training and subsequent personal development. Although this can introduce crisis, it can also, according to Mearns (1997) introduce opportunity. According to the literature, however, it is not clear whether crisis or opportunity is the predominant outcome in such circumstances (Looney et al., 1980 Guy, 1987).The literature suggests that one of the key issues that can impact student counsellors relationships is the anxiety that arises in partners as students develop close attachments to others (Cawkhi ll, 2002). In particular, confidentiality is a big part of these new relationships and can flutter jealousy or feelings of exclusion from partners. As a result, it has been argued that students need to accept responsibility for helping their partners or significant others cope with any changes that will inevitably result from their training (Cawkhill, 2002).Flynn-Piercy (2002) conducted a heuristic training examining the impact of Relate counsellors training on their relationships with their partners. It was found that there was a significant impact on these relationships, which trainees had been unprepared for. The advantages of their training included improved communication, a disadvantage was that partners became personally de-stablised (Flynn-Piercy, 2002 55). disdain the advantages, there was an overall threat to the relationships. This study is, however, not generalisable to all trainee counsellors since it only examined those training as Relate counsellors who specificall y work in the area of relationships.A quantitative study conducted by Wright (2004) supported the findings of Flynn-Piercys (2002) qualitative study as it was found that student counsellors (n=200) did change as a result of their training and this did impact their relationships. Changes occurred in relationships with partners, friends, and family, but most markedly with partners. It was concluded, however, that changes were primarily positive. Again, however, there was a lack of preparation for these changes.As has been demonstrated, counseling training can have both positive and negative outcomes in the trainee counsellors relationships. To expand further on the positive, Crews et al. (2005) conducted a study to examine self-monitoring combined with counselling skills. The purpose of this study was to examine student counsellors who were undergoing training with responses to actual counselling performance. Results indicated that regardless of personal background or traits, counsell ing training improved social- and self-awareness for the participants involved.Despite the paucity of research on the impact of counseling training and, in particular, personal development on student counsellors relationships, the literature clearly shows that an impact is evident. This impact can be positive and negative, but more research is needed to establish details pertaining to the positive and negative impact, as well as the specific components of personal development that appear to have the most impact. This supports the need for the proposed research.5. Methodology 5.1 Sample The sample will be purposive and will comprise four student counsellors who have undergone counsellor training on the BA (Hons) Counselling Studies Final Year Top-up programme. This sample size, although small, is sufficient for the chosen method of analysis, which is interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) (Smith, 2003). In respect of confidentiality, pseudonyms will be used in any written doc uments referring to each student.5.2 Semi-Structured Interviews Semi-structured interviews last 30-45 minutes will be conducted by the researcher and taped for data analysis. If participants would like to speak for extended than 30-45 minutes, this will be allowed in order to gain as much rich data as possible. Potential interview questions, designed to address the research questions in 3, will be tested at heart a small focus group, with all questions being formed on the basis of evidence indoors the literature.Questions will be open-ended and non-leading, in line with best practice. Potential questions include, but are not restricted to * What changes have you noticed in your personal development whilst training as a counsellor? * What changes have you noticed in your self-awareness whilst training as a counsellor? * Have these changes had any positive impact on any of your significant close relationships? * Have they had any negative impact on any of your significant close re lationships? * What, if any, have been the key changes in any significant relationships since you started training? * Have you received any help from the university in terms of preparing for or coping with these changes? * Are you aware of any help available for students families? * What do you feel is the extent of your responsibilities to significant relationships?

The story develops Essay Example for Free

The story develops striveThe author of Frankenstein is bloody shame Shelley. She was born on August 30th 1797 in London. Then later died on February 1st 1851 when she was 53. Her father was William Godwin, he was a radical philosopher and a novelist. Her mother was Mary Wollstonecraft, she is still know today as a feminist. Her mother died in September 10th 1797 of a disease called puerperal fever. Mary Shelley was married to Percy Shelley. She eloped with Percy Shelley at the early age of 16, the reason for this is that Percy Shelley was already married. They eloped to France. Percy Shelley was an important figure in his own right because he was a poet and good friends of her parents. Mary Shelley and Percy Shelley had four children, but sadly tho one survived. Shortly after the death of Mary Shelleys first child she had a dream about(predicate) her dead child being held before a fire and then being restored to flavor by someone breathing into her. Mary Shelleys husband Perc y Shelley drowned when he was 29 years old on a boat trip. The book was written because of a ghost contest set by Lord Byron.At the time Mary Shelley was only 19, which made her the youngest in the challenge. There were other people who were set the challenge as well but when Lord Byron saw Mary Shelleys book he was deadly sombre about trying to get it published. Mary Shelleys life is the key thing that influenced her in writing the novel. one and only(a) influence in her life was her mother dying when Mary Shelley was only 10 days old. in any case three of Mary Shelleys children died in infancy. When one of her children died, shortly after she had a dream of breathing life back into the child.This is said to have been influential towards the novel. The time when Mary Shelley wrote the novel, in the early 19th century, was a very exciting time for scientific and industrial development. It was known as the age of endless possibilities, hardly because they thought they could do a nything and nothing could stop them. This is thought of to have been another reason why Mary Shelley wrote about Frankenstein because it would appeal to a lot of people at the time it was written.

American football positions Essay Example for Free

Ameri john football positions EssayFootball, it is non just a sport or some game. It is my whole life. Every year I have wizard refinement and that is to make it to football season. Playing in each of those games gives a special feeling that no one can get enough of. Winter, Spring, and Summer do non even comp be to what Fall is like, not only is it one of the close beautiful times of the year only if the most intense, most raise sport seasons to anyone with a pulse. I prep ar for it all year long, doing different sorts of exercises such as speed, lifting, saltation rope, and anything that I could think of to help me be the best athlete I could possibly be.No motion how hard someone could prepare for football in that respect is only one thing that will real make someone the best they could forever be and that my friend is sum total. If they do not have union they will not make it anywhere, not only in football but in life. With heart and dedication there is nothin g that cannot be accomplished. Some days I just dream astir(predicate) playing football on the next level. The thrill of just suiting up in that island of Jersey means the world to me. Playing underneath those blinding lights, that lights up the whole field like the sun. at that place are so many different ways to win games but there are a basic few that will definitely do the trick. Some offense will really institutionalise points up on the board to show how good the aggroup is. A whole lot of abnegation will win the game it will stop the other team from putting the points up. One of my positron emission tomography quotes Offense sells tickets Defense wins championshipsCoach Paul Bear Bryant Jr. There is forever and a day Special Teams too without it there would be no kickoffs, no field goals, and without it the game would not be complete.Morgan 2 The Offense, I would not say it was my favorite thing but I play it to help put points up on the board. There are so many differen t positions on the offense and over a billion different plays and formations. There is the offensive line, which is one of the most rough and intense places I have ever been. There is punching, kicking, and anything to show superiority, if I did not know any dampen I would think I was fist fighting somewhere in those trenches. There is the running backs and the quarterbacks.They get all of the glory because they are the ones who score the touchdowns. The running backs and the linemen work together to score, one wrong move by one of the linemen and our running back gets tackled. The linemen block the defensive players to stop them from tackling our running back, if we adopt we score. The Defense, my all-time favorite thing, this is where they separate the boys and the men. I love going out and just smashing some pots helmets in.There are a so many different positions like defensive tackles, cornerbacks, safeties, and my favorite line-backers. No matter where the device is going there will be someone there to stop them. Like that quote verbalise defense wins championships and that is 100% true without defense it just be a track meet. This is just me but I would rather sack a quarterback than score a touchdown, but some people they are not like that. The one thing that wins and loses games is the special teams. The field goal is one of the most important things in some cases this can win the game.I have seen it send teams into the winner clan and I have seen it send teams down loser lane. There is also kickoffs where every time the team scores they kick it off to the other team. There is a punt when the team does not succeed to make a first down in the four downs they are giving. Morgan 3 All of these things can make or break the team but, the one team that can do each and everything better than the other team will be victorious. If they do not play the best they can always look forward to next week.

Is obesity a disease Essay Example for Free

Is corpulency a disease EssayIs obesity a disease? Thirty tlve per centum ot people trust that obesity is a disease, alone I reckon that It Is a life choice. The spring I debate that obesity Is a life choice Is because in that location be mevery slipway to subdue obesity getung plenty of exercise, eaung right, and thither are surgeries that can be performed to counter obesity and be healthy. Thirty eight of Americans are obese, due to that percentage, most doctors dont consider being skinny healthy and consider that you should be close to over incubus but not obese. The average weight for a teen lady friend that Is 5, 1 Is coke pounds which is nderweight to doctors they believe that the average teen girl that is 5, 1 should be 125 pounds. In 1979 the average weight for a teen girl that is 5, 1 was 109 pounds and due to the increase of obesity and weight change that now would be considered underweight and you would be considered not healthy. Many people say that obesit y is caused by thyroid problems yet there are many ways to avoid this, there are food for thoughts that cant be avoided that can stop the thyroid problem, There are medicines that will eliminate or control the problem.The thyroid causes the body to ake too many proteins that the body does not need, and this can cause increase body weight and swelling. It also controls metabolism, and can cause you to lose weight too slowly or cause you to lose weight too fast. The thyroid is the number medical cause of weight meet but this can be completely avoided in many ways, the thyroid cannot be blamed for do obesity. obesity Is caused by many things such as poverty and the society In which we live In. any fast food places angle advertising towards kids and show them toys and characters form their favorite hows to get them to eat there. about parents allow them to eat there because It makes then happy and they want to deliberate them what they want because it Is very unprovoked and very a ffordable. The percentage of kids that consent obesity has risen since the kids meals were invented in 1987. Many fast food restraints have taken notice of this and gotten rid of the toy and introduced books in kids meals The places that tried this noticed that kids brought fewer fast foods because there was no toy in their meal.I dont believe that kids meals make kids expand but I believe Its the prices and how easy hey are to get causes not only kids but adults to earn weight and become obese, corpulency is a life choice even if you do have the medical condition hyperthyroidism there is no excuse for being fat because there are so many ways to avoid it. If obesity was a disease then that would mean something that requires medical treatment but that would also but someone doing heroin is a disease when in candor It is a life choice you all control the problem or you dont and obesity is something you can control obesity is just caused by an have habits.Work cited is obesity a disease By Adrivatal Thirty five percent of people believe that obesity is a disease, but I believe that it is a life choice. The reason I believe that obesity is a life choice is because there are many ways to avoid obesity getting plenty of exercise, eating right, and obese. The average weight for a teen girl that is 5, 1 is 100 pounds which is are foods that cant be avoided that can stop the thyroid problem. There are Obesity is caused by many things such as poverty and the society in which we live in. any fast food places hows to get them to eat there. Most parents allow them to eat there because it makes then happy and they want to give them what they want because it is very easy gotten rid of the toy and introduced books in kids meals. The places that tried this dont believe that kids meals make kids fat but I believe its the prices and how easy they are to get causes not only kids but adults to gain weight and become obese. that would also but someone doing heroin is a disea se when in reality it is a life control obesity is Just caused by an eating habits.

Philosophy Paper Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Paper EssayOne of the some heated debates that troubled the church in the Middle Ages was the question of universals. This question goes nates as cold as Platos Forms. It has to do with the race in the midst of the abstract and general concepts that we have in our minds (what is the relationship between Chair with a capitol C and chair with a small c? ). And from this, two revolutionary officepoints emerged, realists and the nominalists. The realists followed Plato in insisting that each universal is an entity in its deliver right, and exists indep overthrowently of the psyche things that happen to get into in it. An extreme form of realism flourished in the church from the ninth to the twelfth centuries. Among its advocates were John Scotus, Erigena, Anselm and William of Champeaux. On the opposite situation were the nominalists and they held that universals were just names, and therefore, have no objective status apart from that which is fabricated in the mind. Nominalists, such as Gabriel Biel and William of Occam (see O section), said that the individual is the solo existing substance. Unfortunately, their treatment of nominalism removed pietism al some entirely from the bea of reason and do it a matter of credit beyond the cognition of reason.1 And here lies the signifi weedce of the French theologian Peter Abelard (1079-1142). Between the two extremes, Peter Abelard proposed a to a greater extent moderate form of nominalism. Though critical of the thinking of the separate existence of universals, he hitherto believed that resemblances among particular things justified the use of universals for establishing knowledge. More specifically, Abelard proposed that we ground the similarities among individual things without reifying their universal features, by predicating general wrong in conformity with concepts abstracted from experience.This resolution (which would later on keep abreast to be known as conceptualism) of the handed- level problem of universals gained wide acceptance for several centuries, until doubts about the objectivity and reality of such mental entities as concepts came under serious question. doubting Thomas doubting Thomas favored a moderate realism which rejected the examine that universals exist apart from individual entities in favor of the view that they do indeed exist, scarcely only in actual entities. 2 Anaximander (Milesian School) Anaximander (610-547/6 B. C.) was peerless of the three key figures that comprised the Milesian School (the three vainglorious figures associated with the Milesian School is Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes). Together, they worked on problems concerning the nature of matter and the nature of change, and they each proposed a different natural as the primary principal. 3 Anaximander seemed to be quite modern in his view of reality. He believed that the merciful being was cylindrical corresponding a drum, and that the earth rested on nonhing. He also invented an undefined non-substance, called the apeiron, a neutral, indistinct stuff that was infinite in amount.Anaximenes (Milesian School) Anaximenes (546 B. C. ), the some other member of the Milesian School, re inverted back to the idea that anything derives from a single substance, solely suggested that substance was air. Though it is likely his cream was motivated by wanting to maintain a oddment between the two views of his predecessors, Anaximenes did provide solid grounds for his choosing first, air, has the advantage of non being restricted to a specific and defined nature as water, and therefore more capable of transforming itself into the great variety of objects virtually us.Second, air is a more likely source of this variety than Anaximanders apeiron which seems too empty and clean a stuff to be capable of giving rise to such a variety and profusion. 4 Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury In (452 A. D. ), twenty-two years after Augustines death , Rome fell, bringing on a well-nigh of conquest and chaos, and degree of order was ultimately realized through the emergence of feudalism. The church, which had managed to survive the social and governmental upheaval, gradually assumed responsibilities that previously had been relegated to the civil government.This involvement in government led in turn to the secularization of the church. Bishops became ministers of the state, and church dignitaries became warriors. In the tenth and eleventh centuries, legion(predicate) a(prenominal) within the church were so compound with the secular ball that a movement led to the emergence of the monastic life as a force within the church. Those who wanted to escape the temptations of the secular universe and pursue holiness were naturally wasted to the monasteries and among those who followed was Anselm (1033-1109), the archbishop of Canterbury. The superior Christian thinker between Augustine and Thomas Aquinas was Anselm (1033-1109) .He was born to a tight family in northern Italy, whom, to their disappointment, left home in (1056) to lavishy dedicate his life to matinee idol. Following a period of travel, he arrived at the Norman Abbey at Bec, where he took his monastic vows in (1060). Within a few years, he became prior of the abbey, abbot in (1078), and then archbishop in (1093), which he held until his death. His writings melt from treatises on logic to an explanation of the bode inner logic of the atonement in Cur deus homo. Anselm stood in the tradition of Augustine and Platonic realism. 5Following the tradition of Augustine, he held that faith precedes and leads to understanding, and, like many other medieval thinkers he drew no sharp distinction between philosophy and theology. In his no immatureorthy ontological argument for the existence of idol, Anselm presents a refutation based on the fact that it is self-contradictory to renounce that there exists a greatest possible being. 6 He claims t hat the more universality, the more reality. And from here it follows that if immortal is the most universal being, he is also the most real if He is the absolutely universal being, he is also the absolutely real being, ens realissimum.He has, therefore, according to the conception of Him, not only the comparatively greatest reality, provided also the absolute reality. A reality in which no greater skunk be thought. 7 Aquinas, Thomas By common consent the greatest philosophic theologian of the Middle Ages was Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274). Everything about him was big. In his later years his voluminous writings, massive in scope, won him the designation of the Angelic Doctor. His life was dedicated to the intellectual defense and propagation of the faith, as he understood it.It was during his dogma career (1252) in Paris that Aquinas, being drawn into the critical debates of his day, pour downed battling the objections posed against Aristotelianism and its place in the universit y. By this date, Plato was known only through the imperfect translations of the Timaeus, the Phaedo, and the Meno. Islamic Jewish thinkers were much better introduce with Aristotle, and for n beforehand(predicate) two centuries they had been wrestling with questions posed by Aristotelianism to religious faith. For Aquinas and his Christian coevals the issue was doubly acute. On the one hand, there were questions posed by Aristotles way of thinking.On the other hand, there were the answers already given by Islamic and Jewish scholars which were hardly acceptable to a Christian thinker. Aquinas decided to face the problem head on. He made his own analyze of Aristotle, on whom he wrote extensively. He also made his own study of non-Christian thinkers. He subjected all ideas to besotted scrutiny, giving due recognition to the truth of ideas, wherever they came from, but giving his own evaluation of every issue, point by point. In all, Aquinas produced about a hundred different writi ngs. His work ranged from philosophic commentaries to hymns.8 Aquinas main works are two massive Summae or compends of theology and philosophy. The Summa contra Gentiles was knowing as a textbook for missionaries, and the Summa Theologiae has been described as the highest achievement of medieval theological systematization and is steady the accepted basis of modern Reformed theology. In Aquinas proofs (what later came to be known as the Cosmological and Teleological arguments), certain facts about nature are compelling evidences of immortals existence. He argues, accordingly, that nothing toilet adequately account for the fact of motion or change.Rejecting the idea that change or motion is simply an ultimate, mysterious fact of nature neither requiring nor permitting any explanation except God, its unemotional Prime Mover. Furthermore, in his five arguments, Aquinas suggests that the Christian belief in God is completely undifferentiated with the world as we know it. Aquinas arguments, known also as the Five Ways are sometimes referred to as the proofs of the existence of God. But this is not necessarily improve because Aquinas did not filtrate to prove the existence of God by rational argument, but to provide a rational defense for an already existing faith in God.His primary reason for believing in the existence in God is Gods revelation of Himself. Aquinas forestalls his readers to share the same faith. He does not expect that he will have to prove anything to them first. This point is main(prenominal) because many critics accuse believers of grounding their faith in outdated arguments, such as Thomas Aquinas. It is proper, therefore, to respond to such criticisms by pointing out that they are based on a superficial reading and on a serious misunderstanding of how individuals come to faith.9 The basic principal guiding Aquinas throughout the Five Proofs is the principal of analogy, which holds the world as we know it mirrors God, its creator. The structure of each of Aquinas proofs is quite similar. Each depends on tracing a day-by-day sequence back to its ultimate origin and identifying this ultimate origin with God. The first begins with the ceremonial occasion that things in the world are in motion or change. Second is the concept of causation. The third concerns the existence of contingent beings.The tail deals with clement values, and lastly, is the teleological argument, in which Aquinas explains how the world shows the whole way traces of intelligent design. Natural processes and objects seem to be adapted with certain definite objectives in mind. They seem to have purpose. They seem to have been designed. Arguing from this observation, Aquinas concludes that it is rational to believe in God. 10 Aristotle Aristotles thought, like his mentor Plato, embodied the concept of arete, which taught that human excellence in all things was an important goal that should direct human purposes.For Aristotle, that excellence ideally exemplified the delineate quality of human nature, the pursuit of reason. Attracted by science and believing that the universe could be explained, Aristotle greatly value the work of Thales of Miletus, and accepted his concept that the physical universe operated rationally and in a way that was cognizable to human beings. From Anaximander, Aristotle took the view that a balance of force existed in nature that made things what they were. Aristotle was also versed about the atomic theory of Parmenides andwas intrigued by the question of what was stable and what was changing. Indeed, these Greek scientists had a significant regularise on Aristotles intellectual anticipate to examine and explain reality. 11 For Aristotle, the world in which we continue is the world that we experience through our smell outs. Unlike those who followed Plato, Aristotle believed that we live in an objective order of reality, a world of objects that exist out-of-door to us and our knowing of them. Through our senses and our reason, human beings can come to know these objects and forge generalizations about their structure and function.Truth is a correspondence between the persons mind and external reality. Theoretical knowledge based on human observation is the outflank guide to human behavior. And, age human beings have various careers, they all share the most important factor, the exercise of rationality. Reason gives human beings the potentiality of leading lives that are self-de marginined. Congruent with his metaphysical and epistemological perspective, Aristotles ethical theory portrays the mature life as that of delight (eudaimonia).He believed that the ultimate approximate for the human being was merriment, activity in accordance to virtue. The virtuous life is one in which bring throughs are part of a consciously explicate plan that takes a mean, a middle ground course, avoiding extremes. 12 For representative, true courage would be the choice that avoi ds the extremes of cowardice and rashness. And what decides the right course to take is the virtue of prudence (phronesis). Good is the aim of every action but, given the fact that goods can be ordered in relation to one some other, there essential be a highest good to which practical wisdom directs us.And if the possession of any good is what makes us prosperous to some extent, the possession of the highest good is the highest happiness, the ultimate goal of all our actions. 13 At this point, it is difficult to suffer the thought that Aristotles notion of the intellectual life being the gateway to happiness and virtue is not an shallow one. But, though there are some elements in his presentation that are unclear, this much is clear that this happiness, which is the possession of the good, is ultimately an act of contemplation, or ofbeholding, the good. But to contemplate the good is to enter into union with it.Therefore, if contemplating on god intend entering into union with the life of the gods, this is the highest activity of man and his ultimate happiness. The conclusion of the ethical motive is one with the Metaphysics, in which the divine element in a man coincides with the possession of god by an act of thought, called contemplation, which is the most pleasant and best we can perform.In Eudemian Ethics, Aristotle says, What choice, then, or possession of the natural goods whether bodied goods, wealth, friends, or other things will most produce the contemplation of God, that choice or possession is best this is the noblest standard, but any that through deficiency or excess hinders one from the contemplation and service of God is bad this man possess in his consciousness, and this is the best standard for the soul. 14 With statements like this one cant help but wonder what Aristotles response would have been if he would have had the opportunity to serve the one true God, who is worthy of such adoration and praise.Whats more, Aristotle categori zed virtues as either moral or intellectual. Moral virtue, though not easy to define, is a habit by which the individual exercises a prudent choice, one that a rational person would make. Moral virtues tend to moderation, falling between excess and inhibition. They focus on the concrete actions a person performs and the measured sense he has regarding them to see them at the right times, with reference to the right objects, towards the right people, with the right motive, and in the right way. A good action thus exhibits due proportion, neither excessive nor defective, but midway between them. This is Aristotles tenet of the mean. Peculiarly, a virtuous action is one that lies between too much and too little. To give another(prenominal) example, in regard to the feeling of shame, modesty is the mean between bashfulness and shamelessness. Not every virtue, however, is a mean, and so not every action is to be measured in this way. Nonetheless, every action should and can at least be measured in its rightness by the virtue of prudence or, in a larger sense, by practical wisdom. 15.Furthermore, one of Aristotles most significant contributions to the horse opera world is his Poetics. His earlier works, Physics and Metaphysics contain important statements about art and nature, and Rhetoric, written after Poetics, distinguishes rhetoric as a practical art and has had a strong check on literary criticism. His Poetics, nonetheless, is particularly important because Aristotle is addressing Platos school of thoughts on ideas and forms he came to disagree with. In Poetics, it was Aristotles intention to classify and categorize consistently the graciouss of literary art, beginning with epic and tragic drama.Unfortunately, not all of the poetics survived, and it sorts off before the discussion of comedy. Nonetheless, our sense of Aristotles order is established. He is the first critic to attempt a systematic discourse of literary genres. 16 Augustine (Saint), of Hip po One of the greatest thinkers of not only the early church, but of all time is Augustine of Hippo (354-430 A. D. ). His writings dictated the foundation not only for Western theology but for later philosophy as well.His three books On Free Will (388-395), roundabout out a ism of creation, evil and the human will which was a superior alternative to the type of thinking that had attracted so many to Gnosticism and Manichaean dualism. His response to the Donatist schism in the church set the pattern for the Western doctrine of the church. His writings on the subject of Pelagianism clarified, as no one before him and few after him, the all-important(a) issues in the question of grace and free will. His major theological writings let in On the triplet (399-419), which presented better models for thinking about the Trinity than those of the Greek fathers.Augustines book On the City of God (413-416) was a reply to those who blame the church for the fall of Rome, in which it gave bot h a panoramic view of history and a theology of history in terms of the basic conflict between the divine society and the earthly society. 17 Interestingly, Augustine put forrader a theory of time that Bertrand Russell would later vocalise superior to earlier views and much better than the subjective theory of Kant. Augustines account of how we can train language provided Wittgensteins starting point for his Philosophical Investigations.In answering skepticism Augustine put forth an argument which anticipated Descartes cognito ergo sum without falling into the pitfalls commonly associated with the argument. Furthermore, Augustine believed that philosophical reflection may correct mistaken notions, lead to a grasp of truth, and serve to clarify belief. But rational reflection is not a substitute for the beatific vision of God. For it is the apprehension of God altogether which transforms human life and alone satisfies our deepest needs. Though Augustine was deeply influenced by P latonism and Neoplatonism, he never was simply a Platonist.His view of the soul stands in the Platonic tradition, but he repudiated the doctrines of pre-existence and transmigration. Augustines view of the transcendent spiritual reality might also be said to have affinities with Plato, but Augustines approach was not an attempt to erect an building of Christian theology on either Platonic or Neoplatonic foundations. Rather, it was to state the Christian worldview in a theological and philosophical system that cohered as a unified whole. 18 (B) (back to top) Bentham, Jeremy In nineteenth blow Victorian England two contrasting systems were developed by Jeremy Bentham and Herbert Spencer.Utilitarians Bentham and John Stuart Mill applied naturalistic presup stupefys in their worldview. Herbert Spencer applied the concept of evolution. And Ernest Mach prepared the way for logical positivism in his strongly anti-metaphysical scientific approach. The antithesis of the Kantian ideal is u tilitarianism, an ethical theory founded by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). Bentham was a hedonist. Taking the good to be pleasure, Bentham proposed a rising model for morality in his principal of utility, which holds that Actions are right in proportion to the amount of happiness it brings wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.19 Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism. The ends justify the means since actions are judged on the results they bring, not on the persons intentions or motives. For Kant, the end result was not important in determining the rightness of an action, rather, it was motive. 20 In its simplest form utilitarianism teaches that the right action is the one that promotes the greatest happiness. Modern utilitarianism dates from Thomas Hobbes in the seventeenth century, but its antecedents date as far back as (341-270 B. C. ) to the philosophy of Epicurus of Samos.The theory of utilitarianism actually held little influence until John Stuart Mill (1 806-1873) who popularized the term and produced the authorized Victorian exposition of the doctrine. Mill used the principal of utility to critique all social, political, and religious institutions. Anything that did not promote the greatest happiness of the greatest number was to be challenged and reformed. For this reason social and religious institutions that conquer individual liberty should be reformed. This is necessary, argued Mill, in order for freedom of belief, association and expression to be safeguarded. 21. varied conceptions of happiness separated Mills version Better a Socrates dissatisfied than a bruiser satisfied, which recognized qualitative differences between different kinds of pleasure, from Benthams forthright attempt to reduce all questions of happiness to the mere armorial bearing of pleasure or pain. Benthams version aims to render the basic concepts of ethics hypersensitive of comparison and measurement, but this was not the goal in Mills presentation of the system. 22 A hedonistic utilitarian like Bentham would say that the sole consideration is the quantity of pleasure that an action produces.A problem with this approach, however, (as if it wasnt obvious) is that it draws no distinction in principal between an evening spent at the bars or one spent having quality time with your spouse. It all depends upon the tastes of the person. Berkley, George George Berkeley (Irish, 1685-1753) was one of the three greatest British empiricists of the eighteenth century (Locke and Hume being the other two). Though his father was an Englishman, Berkley always considered himself Irish. He was an early subjectivist idealist philosopher, who argued that all qualities of objects exist only in the mind of the perceiver.His famous theory is often summarized, esse est percipi, to be is to be perceived, and is still important to modern apologetics (due to the method he used in demonstrating the necessity of an arrant(a) Perceiver). Berkleys argument was that the phenomena of visual sensation can all be explained without presup seance the reality of the external actual substances. Interestingly, Berkley was also a bishop of an Anglican church, and was the only important philosopher to visit America before 1900. He came hoping to start a missionary training college for evangelizing to the Indian tribes of New England.23 Berkley disagreed with Locke in that there is a cloth substance lying behind and supporting perceptions. He also disagreed with his treatment of the representative theory of perception, that significant objects are perceived mediately by means of ideas, and the mind does not perceive the material object directly, but only through the medium of the ideas formed by the senses and reflection on them. If we know only our ideas, levelheaded Berkeley then we can never be sure whether any of them are really like the material qualities of objects, since we can never compare the ideas with them. For that reason, he den ied the ultimate existence of material substance believing that the timber is the only metaphysical reality. 24 (D) (back to top) Derrida, Jacques Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) was a French literary critic and founder of the school called deconstructionism. His (1966) dun Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences delivered at Johns Hopkins University, played a significant role in ushering American critics into the era of poststructuralism. Particular influences on his thought include Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Freud.He wrote prolifically, and had a great influence on not only literary criticism but in sociology, linguistics, and psychology as well. Derrida regarded philosophical and literary texts as already containing the seeds of their own deconstruction. This means that in any work the author unwittingly includes contradictions, blind spots, and unjustified assumptions. The main purpose and task of the deconstructionist, according to Derrida, is to simply b ring these contradictions to the surface. 25 initiation in the Victorian Age, a paradigm shift slowly spread throughout Europe that set the groundwork for modern theory.Unlike the revolutionary movements of the Renaissance and Romanticism, which were in part reactionary, this paradigm shift that marked a radical analyse from the past had little precedent. Nonetheless, it marked a rejection of long-held metaphysical and aesthetic beliefs that most theorists from Plato to Coleridge took for granted. Until the modern period, most of the great Western philosophers have been logocentric in their thinking, and Derrida is one of the ones responsible for this definite break from the past, bringing forth the notion that meaning is never fixed.Dr. Louis Markos, a Christian Professor at Houston Baptist University, made some interesting comments on Derrida in one of his lectures on deconstructionism. He said that Derrida reads the history of Western metaphysics as a continual search for a lo gos or original presence. This logos is seek because it promises to give meaning and purpose to all things, to act as a universal center. Behind this search is a desire for a higher reality (or full presence).Western philosophy since Plato has simply renamed this presence and shifted this center without breaking from its centering impulse. Even Saussures structuralism sought a center, and though he broke from the old metaphysic, he still used its terminology and binaries. Furthermore, Derrida deconstructs all attempts to posit a center or to establish a system of binaries. Instead, he puts in their place a full free play of meaning. 26 Democritus (see Leucippus) Descartes, Rene The first great continental rationalist27 was Rene Descartes (Frenchman, 1596-1650).For it was he who defined the terms and laid down the agenda for the continental rationalist school of thought. But in a sense, the world that Descartes produced, by the exercise of pure reason, was a fairly straight forward affair Descartes does preserve the self in a recognizable form, as well as both God (even though it is not a terribly human sort of God) and the material world in a broadly speaking recognizable form (even though it might be a material world deprived of some of its more vivid and colorful attributes).Nevertheless, the worlds created by the application of the procedure of rationalism start from some self-evident propositions (like Euclids geometry) and then carry out processes of absolute, straight forward deduction from these self-evident propositions and what that led to in the showcase of Spinoza and Leibniz is something very far removed in both of them from the ordinary understanding of the world. To some extant, Descartes, by comparison with them, is in the business of saving the appearances. Whereas both Spinoza and Leibniz say that what the world is really like is very different from what it appears to the ordinary person to be.Nonetheless, there is still in both cases (Des cartes and Spinoza and Leibniz) an inherent reality that philosophy can tell us something about reality even if common observation cannot. 28 His two chief philosophical works were Discourse on Method (1637) and his Meditations (1641). His ideal and method were modeled on mathematics. He is sometimes portrayed as the first modern philosopher due to his break with the traditional Scholastic-Aristotelian philosophy and for introducing a new mechanistic science. 29 In refurbishing the medieval proofs for the existence of God he was drawing upon the legacy of the Middle Ages.Like the Medieval philosophers, he was interested in metaphysics, and to the end of his life, Descartes remained a nominal Catholic. But there is a sense in which Descartes represents a new departure. Descartes (so it seems) was interested in God not for his own sake, but the worlds. God is invoked as a kind of dues ex machine to guarantee the validity of our thoughts about the world. 30 Nonetheless, Descartes take s his place as a Christian thinker by resting cognitive truth on the personal truth of God, and laying the blame for demerit not on God but on the exercise of the human will.Descartes successors eventually lost their trust for truth. George Berkeley retains it by tracing directly to God all the ideas we receive from outside the mind and Leibniz by reservation each mind mirror eternal truths in the mind of God. But many Enlightenment thinkers, and many empiricists today who share some of Descartes rational ideals or the correspondence theory of truth, talk to truth one by one of God as if it were a self-sustaining ideal and as if human reason were a strictly objective and impersonal activity.Descartes failure was not in the relation he saw of truth to God, but in the lack of relation he saw between mans rational depicted object for knowing truth and his personality as a whole. 31 (F) (back to top) Fibonacci His real name was Leonardo Pisano (Italian, 1170-1250) but he is better known by his nickname Fibonacci (filius Bonacci), which means son of Bonacci. A striking example of Fibonaccis genius is his observation that the classification of irrationals given by Euclid in Book X of the Elements did not include all irrationals. Fibonacci is probably best known for his rabbit problem. Leonardo Fibonacci began the study of this sequence by posing the following problem in his book, Liber Abaci, How many dyads of rabbits will be produced in a year, beginning with a single pair? 32 The analogy that starts with one pair of rabbits who give birth to a new pair from the first month on, and every succeeding pair gives birth to a new pair in the second month after their birth. Fibonacci shows that this leads to the sequences 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, and so on. As one can see, each term is the sum of the two previous terms.For example, 2 + 3 = 5 and 3 + 5 = 8, and the far and farther you go to the right of this sequence, the ratio of a ter m to the one before it will get appressed and closer to the Golden ratio. Additionally, this same principal also applies to that of the Golden rectangle. The connection between the Golden Ratio and the Fibonacci series is fascinating, and is very simple to understand. If you take a Golden Rectangle, and cut off a unbent with side lengths equal to the length shorter to the rectangle side, then what remains is another Golden Rectangle. This could go on forever.You can just keep cutting off these big squares and getting smaller and smaller Golden Rectangles. Consequently, the idea with the Fibonacci series is to do the same thing in reverse. You start with a square (1 by 1), go back the longer side, and then add a square of that size to the whole thing to form a new rectangle. Therefore, when we start with a (1 by 1) square the longest side is one, so we add another square to it. As a result, we have accumulated a (2 by 1) rectangle. Then the longest side is 2, so we connect a (2 b y 2) square to our (2 by 1) rectangle to get a (3 by 2) rectangle.As this continues, the sides of the rectangle will always be a successive Fibonacci number, and eventually the rectangle will be very close to a Golden Rectangle. To translate in more illustrative terms, the ratio of two successive poem in the Fibonacci series, as aforementioned, if divided by each number before it, will result in the following series of numbers 1/1 = 1, 2/1 = 2, 3/2 = 1. 5, 5/3 = 1. 666, 8/5 = 1. 6, 13/8 = 1. 625, 21/13 = 1. 61538. The ratio that is settling down to a particular value is the golden ratio or the golden number, which has a value of most 1.618034. 33 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb Johann Gottlieb Fichte (German, 1762-1814) was one of the major figures in German philosophy in between Kant and Hegel. He was regarded as one of Kants most talented philosophers, but later developed a system of his own transcendental philosophy called the Wissenschaftslehre. Fichte had immense influence on his con temporaries, especially during his professorship at the University of Jenna, a position he held for five years (1794-1799) before taking up a profes.